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CompTIA SY0-701 Sample Questions
Question # 1
A systems administrator set up a perimeter firewall but continues to notice suspiciousconnections between internal endpoints. Which of the following should be set up in order tomitigate the threat posed by the suspicious activity?
A. Host-based firewall B. Web application firewall C. Access control list D. Application allow listc
Answer: A Explanation: A host-based firewall is a software application that runs on an individualendpoint and filters the incoming and outgoing network traffic based on a set of rules. Ahost-based firewall can help to mitigate the threat posed by suspicious connectionsbetween internal endpoints by blocking or allowing the traffic based on the source,destination, port, protocol, or application. A host-based firewall is different from a webapplication firewall, which is a type of firewall that protects web applications from commonweb-based attacks, such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting, and session hijacking. Ahost-based firewall is also different from an access control list, which is a list of rules thatcontrol the access to network resources, such as files, folders, printers, or routers. A hostbasedfirewall is also different from an application allow list, which is a list of applicationsthat are authorized to run on an endpoint, preventing unauthorized or maliciousapplications from executing. References: CompTIA Security+ Study Guide: Exam SY0-701,9th Edition, page 254
Question # 2
A company is developing a critical system for the government and storing projectinformation on a fileshare. Which of the following describes how this data will most likely beclassified? (Select two).
A. Private B. Confidential C. Public D. Operational E. Urgent F. Restricted
Answer: B,F Explanation:Data classification is the process of assigning labels to data based on its sensitivity andbusiness impact. Different organizations and sectors may have different data classificationschemes, but a common one is the following1:Public: Data that can be freely disclosed to anyone without any harm or risk.Private: Data that is intended for internal use only and may cause some harm orrisk if disclosed.Confidential: Data that is intended for authorized use only and may causesignificant harm or risk if disclosed.Restricted: Data that is intended for very limited use only and may cause severeharm or risk if disclosed.In this scenario, the company is developing a critical system for the government and storingproject information on a fileshare. This data is likely to be classified as confidential andrestricted, because it is not meant for public or private use, and it may cause seriousdamage to national security or public safety if disclosed. The government may also havespecific requirements or regulations for handling such data, such as encryption, accesscontrol, and auditing2. References: 1: CompTIA Security+ Study Guide: Exam SY0-701,9th Edition, page 16-17 2: Data Classification Practices: Final Project Description Released
Question # 3
A network manager wants to protect the company's VPN by implementing multifactorauthentication that uses:. Something you know. Something you have. Something you areWhich of the following would accomplish the manager's goal?
A. Domain name, PKI, GeolP lookup B. VPN IP address, company ID, facial structure C. Password, authentication token, thumbprint D. Company URL, TLS certificate, home address
Answer: C Explanation:The correct answer is C. Password, authentication token, thumbprint. This combination ofauthentication factors satisfies the manager’s goal of implementing multifactorauthentication that uses something you know, something you have, and something youare.Something you know is a type of authentication factor that relies on the user’sknowledge of a secret or personal information, such as a password, a PIN, or asecurity question. A password is a common example of something you know thatcan be used to access a VPN12Something you have is a type of authentication factor that relies on the user’spossession of a physical object or device, such as a smart card, a token, or asmartphone. An authentication token is a common example of something you havethat can be used to generate a one-time password (OTP) or a code that can beused to access a VPN12Something you are is a type of authentication factor that relies on the user’sbiometric characteristics, such as a fingerprint, a face, or an iris. A thumbprint is acommon example of something you are that can be used to scan and verify theuser’s identity to access a VPN12References:1: CompTIA Security+ Study Guide: Exam SY0-701, 9th Edition, Chapter 4: Identity andAccess Management, page 177 2: CompTIA Security+ Certification Kit: Exam SY0-701, 7thEdition, Chapter 4: Identity and Access Management, page 179
Question # 4
After a recent ransomware attack on a company's system, an administrator reviewed thelog files. Which of the following control types did the administrator use?
A. Compensating B. Detective C. Preventive D. Corrective
Answer: B Explanation: Detective controls are security measures that are designed to identify andmonitor any malicious activity or anomalies on a system or network. They can help todiscover the source, scope, and impact of an attack, and provide evidence for furtheranalysis or investigation. Detective controls include log files, security audits, intrusiondetection systems, network monitoring tools, and antivirus software. In this case, theadministrator used log files as a detective control to review the ransomware attack on thecompany’s system. Log files are records of events and activities that occur on a system ornetwork, such as user actions, system errors, network traffic, and security alerts. They canprovide valuable information for troubleshooting, auditing, and forensics.References:Security+ (Plus) Certification | CompTIA IT Certifications, under “About the exam”,bullet point 3: “Operate with an awareness of applicable regulations and policies,including principles of governance, risk, and compliance.”CompTIA Security+ Certification Kit: Exam SY0-701, 7th Edition, Chapter 1, page14: “Detective controls are designed to identify and monitor any malicious activityor anomalies on a system or network.”Control Types – CompTIA Security+ SY0-401: 2.1 - Professor Messer IT …, under“Detective Controls”: “Detective controls are security measures that are designedto identify and monitor any malicious activity or anomalies on a system ornetwork.”
Question # 5
A user is attempting to patch a critical system, but the patch fails to transfer. Which of thefollowing access controls is most likely inhibiting the transfer?
A. Attribute-based B. Time of day C. Role-based D. Least privilege
Answer: D Explanation: The least privilege principle states that users and processes should onlyhave the minimum level of access required to perform their tasks. This helps to preventunauthorized or unnecessary actions that could compromise security. In this case, thepatch transfer might be failing because the user or process does not have the appropriatepermissions to access the critical system or the network resources needed for thetransfer. Applying the least privilege principle can help to avoid this issue by granting theuser or process the necessary access rights for the patchingactivity. References: CompTIA Security+ Study Guide: Exam SY0-701, 9th Edition, page931
Question # 6
An administrator finds that all user workstations and servers are displaying a message thatis associated with files containing an extension of .ryk. Which of the following types ofinfections is present on the systems?
A. Virus B. Trojan C. Spyware D. Ransomware
Answer: D Explanation: Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts the victim’s files anddemands a ransom for the decryption key. The ransomware usually displays a message onthe infected system with instructions on how to pay the ransom and recover the files. The.ryk extension is associated with a ransomware variant called Ryuk, which targets largeorganizations and demands high ransoms1.References: CompTIA Security+ Certification Kit: Exam SY0-701, 7th Edition, Chapter 1,page 17.
Question # 7
After reviewing the following vulnerability scanning report:Server:192.168.14.6Service: TelnetPort: 23 Protocol: TCPStatus: Open Severity: HighVulnerability: Use of an insecure network protocolA security analyst performs the following test:nmap -p 23 192.168.14.6 —script telnet-encryptionPORT STATE SERVICE REASON23/tcp open telnet syn-ackI telnet encryption:| _ Telnet server supports encryptionWhich of the following would the security analyst conclude for this reported vulnerability?
A. It is a false positive. B. A rescan is required. C. It is considered noise. D. Compensating controls exist.
Answer: A Explanation:A false positive is a result that indicates a vulnerability or a problem when there is none. In this case, the vulnerability scanning report shows that the telnet service on port 23 is openand uses an insecure network protocol. However, the security analyst performs a test usingnmap and a script that checks for telnet encryption support. The result shows that the telnetserver supports encryption, which means that the data transmitted between the client andthe server can be protected from eavesdropping. Therefore, the reported vulnerability is afalse positive and does not reflect the actual security posture of the server. The securityanalyst should verify the encryption settings of the telnet server and client and ensure thatthey are configured properly3. References: 3: Telnet Protocol - Can You Encrypt Telnet?
Question # 8
An organization would like to store customer data on a separate part of the network that isnot accessible to users on the main corporate network. Which of the following should theadministrator use to accomplish this goal?
A. Segmentation B. Isolation C. Patching D. Encryption
Answer: A Explanation: Segmentation is a network design technique that divides the network intosmaller and isolated segments based on logical or physical boundaries. Segmentation can help improve network security by limiting the scope of an attack, reducing the attacksurface, and enforcing access control policies. Segmentation can also enhance networkperformance, scalability, and manageability. To accomplish the goal of storing customerdata on a separate part of the network, the administrator can use segmentationtechnologies such as subnetting, VLANs, firewalls, routers, orswitches. References: CompTIA Security+ Study Guide: Exam SY0-701, 9th Edition, page308-309 1
Question # 9
An organization is struggling with scaling issues on its VPN concentrator and internet circuitdue to remote work. The organization is looking for a software solution that will allow it toreduce traffic on the VPN and internet circuit, while still providing encrypted tunnel accessto the data center and monitoring of remote employee internet traffic. Which of the followingwill help achieve these objectives?
A. Deploying a SASE solution to remote employees B. Building a load-balanced VPN solution with redundant internet C. Purchasing a low-cost SD-WAN solution for VPN traffic D. Using a cloud provider to create additional VPN concentrators
Answer: A Explanation: SASE stands for Secure Access Service Edge. It is a cloud-based servicethat combines network and security functions into a single integrated solution. SASE canhelp reduce traffic on the VPN and internet circuit by providing secure and optimizedaccess to the data center and cloud applications for remote employees. SASE can also monitor and enforce security policies on the remote employee internet traffic, regardless oftheir location or device. SASE can offer benefits such as lower costs, improvedperformance, scalability, and flexibility compared to traditional VPNsolutions. References: CompTIA Security+ Study Guide: Exam SY0-701, 9th Edition, page457-458 1
Question # 10
A company's end users are reporting that they are unable to reach external websites. Afterreviewing the performance data for the DNS severs, the analyst discovers that the CPU,disk, and memory usage are minimal, but the network interface is flooded with inboundtraffic. Network logs show only a small number of DNS queries sent to this server. Which ofthe following best describes what the security analyst is seeing?
A. Concurrent session usage B. Secure DNS cryptographic downgrade C. On-path resource consumption D. Reflected denial of service
Answer: D Explanation: A reflected denial of service (RDoS) attack is a type of DDoS attack thatuses spoofed source IP addresses to send requests to a third-party server, which thensends responses to the victim server. The attacker exploits the difference in size betweenthe request and the response, which can amplify the amount of traffic sent to the victimserver. The attacker also hides their identity by using the victim’s IP address as the source.A RDoS attack can target DNS servers by sending forged DNS queries that generate largeDNS responses. This can flood the network interface of the DNS server and prevent it fromserving legitimate requests from end users. References: CompTIA Security+ Study Guide:Exam SY0-701, 9th Edition, page 215-216 1
Question # 11
Which of the following security concepts is the best reason for permissions on a humanresources fileshare to follow the principle of least privilege?
A. Integrity B. Availability C. Confidentiality D. Non-repudiation
Answer: C Explanation: Confidentiality is the security concept that ensures data is protected fromunauthorized access or disclosure. The principle of least privilege is a technique that grantsusers or systems the minimum level of access or permissions that they need to performtheir tasks, and nothing more. By applying the principle of least privilege to a humanresources fileshare, the permissions can be restricted to only those who have a legitimateneed to access the sensitive data, such as HR staff, managers, or auditors. This canprevent unauthorized users, such as hackers, employees, or contractors, from accessing,copying, modifying, or deleting the data. Therefore, the principle of least privilege canenhance the confidentiality of the data on the fileshare. Integrity, availability, and nonrepudiationare other security concepts, but they are not the best reason for permissions ona human resources fileshare to follow the principle of least privilege. Integrity is the security concept that ensures data is accurate and consistent, and protected from unauthorizedmodification or corruption. Availability is the security concept that ensures data isaccessible and usable by authorized users or systems when needed. Non-repudiation isthe security concept that ensures the authenticity and accountability of data and actions,and prevents the denial of involvement or responsibility. While these concepts are alsoimportant for data security, they are not directly related to the level of access orpermissions granted to users or systems. References: CompTIA Security+ Study Guide:Exam SY0-701, 9th Edition, page 16-17, 372-373
Question # 12
Which of the following is the most common data loss path for an air-gapped network?
A. Bastion host B. Unsecured Bluetooth C. Unpatched OS D. Removable devices
Answer: D Explanation: An air-gapped network is a network that is physically isolated from othernetworks, such as the internet, to prevent unauthorized access and data leakage.However, an air-gapped network can still be compromised by removable devices, such asUSB drives, CDs, DVDs, or external hard drives, that are used to transfer data between theair-gapped network and other networks. Removable devices can carry malware, spyware,or other malicious code that can infect the air-gapped network or exfiltrate data fromit. Therefore, removable devices are the most common data loss path for an air-gappednetwork. References: CompTIA Security+ Study Guide: Exam SY0-701, 9th Edition,Chapter 9: Network Security, page 449 1
Question # 13
An administrator discovers that some files on a database server were recently encrypted.The administrator sees from the security logs that the data was last accessed by a domainuser. Which of the following best describes the type of attack that occurred?
A. Insider threat B. Social engineering C. Watering-hole D. Unauthorized attacker
Answer: A Explanation: An insider threat is a type of attack that originates from someone who haslegitimate access to an organization’s network, systems, or data. In this case, the domainuser who encrypted the files on the database server is an example of an insider threat, asthey abused their access privileges to cause harm to the organization. Insider threats canbe motivated by various factors, such as financial gain, revenge, espionage, or sabotage.References: CompTIA Security+ Study Guide: Exam SY0-701, 9th Edition, Chapter 1:General Security Concepts, page 251. CompTIA Security+ Certification Kit: Exam SY0-701, 7th Edition, Chapter 1: General Security Concepts, page 252.
Question # 14
An organization is leveraging a VPN between its headquarters and a branch location. Which of the following is the VPN protecting?
A. Data in use B. Data in transit C. Geographic restrictions D. Data sovereignty
Answer: B Explanation: Data in transit is data that is moving from one location to another, such asover a network or through the air. Data in transit is vulnerable to interception, modification,or theft by malicious actors. A VPN (virtual private network) is a technology that protectsdata in transit by creating a secure tunnel between two endpoints and encrypting the datathat passes through it2.References: CompTIA Security+ Study Guide: Exam SY0-701, 9th Edition, Chapter 4,page 145.
Question # 15
A systems administrator wants to prevent users from being able to access data based ontheir responsibilities. The administrator also wants to apply the required access structurevia a simplified format. Which of the following should the administrator apply to the siterecovery resource group?
A. RBAC B. ACL C. SAML D. GPO
Answer: A Explanation: RBAC stands for Role-Based Access Control, which is a method ofrestricting access to data and resources based on the roles or responsibilities of users.RBAC simplifies the management of permissions by assigning roles to users and grantingaccess rights to roles, rather than to individual users. RBAC can help enforce the principleof least privilege and reduce the risk of unauthorized access or data leakage. The otheroptions are not as suitable for the scenario as RBAC, as they either do not prevent accessbased on responsibilities, or do not apply a simplified format. References: CompTIASecurity+ Study Guide: Exam SY0-701, 9th Edition, page 133 1
Question # 16
During the onboarding process, an employee needs to create a password for an intranetaccount. The password must include ten characters, numbers, and letters, and two specialcharacters. Once the password is created, the company will grant the employee access toother company-owned websites based on the intranet profile. Which of the following accessmanagement concepts is the company most likely using to safeguard intranet accounts andgrant access to multiple sites based on a user's intranet account? (Select two).
A. Federation B. Identity proofing C. Password complexity D. Default password changes E. Password manager F. Open authentication
Answer: A,C Explanation: Federation is an access management concept that allows users toauthenticate once and access multiple resources or services across different domains ororganizations. Federation relies on a trusted third party that stores the user’s credentialsand provides them to the requested resources or services without exposing them.Password complexity is a security measure that requires users to create passwords thatmeet certain criteria, such as length, character types, and uniqueness. Passwordcomplexity can help prevent brute-force attacks, password guessing, and credential stuffingby making passwords harder to crack or guess. References: CompTIA Security+ StudyGuide: Exam SY0-701, 9th Edition, page 308-309 and 312-313 1
Question # 17
A company is discarding a classified storage array and hires an outside vendor to completethe disposal. Which of the following should the company request from the vendor?
A. Certification B. Inventory list C. Classification D. Proof of ownership
Answer: A Explanation: The company should request a certification from the vendor that confirms thestorage array has been disposed of securely and in compliance with the company’s policiesand standards. A certification provides evidence that the vendor has followed the properprocedures and methods to destroy the classified data and prevent unauthorized access orrecovery. A certification may also include details such as the date, time, location, andmethod of disposal, as well as the names and signatures of the personnelinvolved. References: CompTIA Security+ Study Guide: Exam SY0-701, 9th Edition,Chapter 3, page 1441
Question # 18
Which of the following would be the best way to handle a critical business application thatis running on a legacy server?
A. Segmentation B. Isolation C. Hardening D. Decommissioning
Answer: C Explanation: A legacy server is a server that is running outdated or unsupported software or hardware,which may pose security risks and compatibility issues. A critical business application is anapplication that is essential for the operation and continuity of the business, such asaccounting, payroll, or inventory management. A legacy server running a critical businessapplication may be difficult to replace or upgrade, but it should not be left unsecured orexposed to potential threats.One of the best ways to handle a legacy server running a critical business application is toharden it. Hardening is the process of applying security measures and configurations to asystem to reduce its attack surface and vulnerability. Hardening a legacy server mayinvolve steps such as:Applying patches and updates to the operating system and the application, ifavailableRemoving or disabling unnecessary services, features, or accountsConfiguring firewall rules and network access control lists to restrict inbound andoutbound trafficEnabling encryption and authentication for data transmission and storageImplementing logging and monitoring tools to detect and respond to anomalous ormalicious activityPerforming regular backups and testing of the system and the applicationHardening a legacy server can help protect the critical business application fromunauthorized access, modification, or disruption, while maintaining its functionality andavailability. However, hardening a legacy server is not a permanent solution, and it may notbe sufficient to address all the security issues and challenges posed by the outdated orunsupported system. Therefore, it is advisable to plan for the eventual decommissioning ormigration of the legacy server to a more secure and modern platform, as soon as possible.References: CompTIA Security+ SY0-701 Certification Study Guide, Chapter 3:Architecture and Design, Section 3.2: Secure System Design, Page 133 1; CompTIASecurity+ Certification Exam Objectives, Domain 3: Architecture and Design, Objective 3.2:Explain the importance of secure system design, Subobjective: Legacy systems 2
Question # 19
A security administrator is deploying a DLP solution to prevent the exfiltration of sensitivecustomer data. Which of the following should the administrator do first?
A. Block access to cloud storage websites. B. Create a rule to block outgoing email attachments. C. Apply classifications to the data. D. Remove all user permissions from shares on the file server.
Answer: C Explanation: Data classification is the process of assigning labels or tags to data based onits sensitivity, value, and risk. Data classification is the first step in a data loss prevention(DLP) solution, as it helps to identify what data needs to be protected and how. By applyingclassifications to the data, the security administrator can define appropriate policies andrules for the DLP solution to prevent the exfiltration of sensitive customer data. References:CompTIA Security+ Study Guide: Exam SY0-701, 9th Edition, Chapter 8: Data Protection,page 323. CompTIA Security+ Practice Tests: Exam SY0-701, 3rd Edition, Chapter 8: DataProtection, page 327.
Question # 20
A security manager created new documentation to use in response to various types ofsecurity incidents. Which of the following is the next step the manager should take?
A. Set the maximum data retention policy. B. Securely store the documents on an air-gapped network. C. Review the documents' data classification policy. D. Conduct a tabletop exercise with the team.
Answer: D Explanation: A tabletop exercise is a simulated scenario that tests the effectiveness of asecurity incident response plan. It involves gathering the relevant stakeholders and walkingthrough the steps of the plan, identifying any gaps or issues that need to be addressed. Atabletop exercise is a good way to validate the documentation created by the securitymanager and ensure that the team is prepared for various types of security incidents.References: CompTIA Security+ Study Guide: Exam SY0-701, 9th Edition, Chapter 6: RiskManagement, page 2841. CompTIA Security+ Certification Kit: Exam SY0-701, 7th Edition,Chapter 6: Risk Management, page 2842.
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