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Isaca CISM Sample Questions
Question # 1
Meeting which of the following security objectives BEST ensures that information isprotected against unauthorized disclosure?
A. Integrity B. Authenticity C. Confidentiality D. Nonrepudiation
Answer: C Explanation: Confidentiality is the security objective that best ensures that information isprotected against unauthorized disclosure. Confidentiality means that only authorizedparties can access or view sensitive or classified information. Integrity means thatinformation is accurate and consistent and has not been tampered with or modified byunauthorized parties. Authenticity means that information is genuine and trustworthy andhas not been forged or misrepresented by unauthorized parties. Nonrepudiation meansthat information can be verified and proven to be sent or received by a specific partywithout any possibility of denial. References:https://www.csoonline.com/article/3513899/the-cia-triad-definition-components-andexamples.html
Question # 2
Which of the following factors would have the MOST significant impact on an organization'sinformation security governance mode?
A. Outsourced processes B. Security budget C. Number of employees D. Corporate culture
Answer: D Explanation: The corporate culture of an organization is the set of values, beliefs, norms,and behaviors that shape how the organization operates and interacts with itsstakeholders. The corporate culture can have a significant impact on an organization’sinformation security governance mode, which is the way the organization establishes,implements, monitors, and evaluates its information security policies, standards, andobjectives. A strong information security governance mode requires a supportive corporateculture that fosters a shared vision, commitment, and accountability for information securityamong all levels of the organization. A supportive corporate culture can also help toovercome resistance to change, promote collaboration and communication, encourageinnovation and learning, and enhance trust and confidence in informationsecurity12. References =CISM Review Manual (Digital Version), Chapter 1: Information Security
Question # 3
Which of the following would be MOST useful when determining the business continuitystrategy for a large organization's data center?
A. Stakeholder feedback analysis B. Business continuity risk analysis C. Incident root cause analysis D. Business impact analysis (BIA)
Answer: D Explanation: According to the CISM Review Manual, a business impact analysis (BIA) isthe most useful tool when determining the business continuity strategy for a largeorganization’s data center, as it helps to identify and prioritize the critical businessprocesses and resources that depend on the data center, and the impact of their disruptionor loss. A BIA also provides the basis for defining the recovery time objectives (RTOs) andrecovery point objectives (RPOs) for the data center, which guide the selection of theappropriate business continuity strategy.References = CISM Review Manual, 27th Edition, Chapter 3, Section 3.5.2, page 1511.
Question # 4
An organization has identified a large volume of old data that appears to be unused. Which of the following should the information security manager do NEXT?
A. Consult the record retention policy. B. Update the awareness and training program. C. Implement media sanitization procedures. D. Consult the backup and recovery policy.
Answer: A Explanation:The next thing that the information security manager should do after identifying a largevolume of old data that appears to be unused is to consult the record retention policy. Therecord retention policy is a document that defines the types, formats, and retention periodsof data that the organization needs to keep for legal, regulatory, operational, or historicalpurposes. By consulting the record retention policy, the information security manager candetermine if the old data is still required to be stored, archived, or disposed of, and how todo so in a secure and compliant manner.References: The CISM Review Manual 2023 states that “the information security manageris responsible for ensuring that the data lifecycle management process is in alignment withthe organization’s record retention policy” and that “the record retention policy defines thetypes, formats, and retention periods of data that the organization needs to keep for legal,regulatory, operational, or historical purposes” (p. 140). The CISM Review Questions,Answers & Explanations Manual 2023 also provides the following rationale for this answer:“Consult the record retention policy is the correct answer because it is the next logical stepto take after identifying a large volume of old data that appears to be unused, as it will helpthe information security manager to decide on the appropriate data lifecycle managementactions for the old data, such as storage, archiving, or disposal” (p. 64). Additionally, thearticle Data Retention Policy: What It Is and How to Create One from the ISACA Journal2019 states that “a data retention policy is a document that outlines the types, formats, andretention periods of data that an organization needs to keep for various purposes, such aslegal compliance, business operations, or historical records” and that “a data retentionpolicy can help an organization to manage its data lifecycle, optimize its storage capacity,reduce its costs, and enhance its security and privacy” (p. 1)1.
Question # 5
Which of the following BEST helps to ensure the effective execution of an organization'sdisaster recovery plan (DRP)?
A. The plan is reviewed by senior and IT operational management. B. The plan is based on industry best practices. C. Process steps are documented by the disaster recovery team. D. Procedures are available at the primary and failover location.
Answer: D Explanation:The best way to ensure the effective execution of a disaster recovery plan (DRP) is tomake sure that the procedures are available at both the primary and the failover location,so that the staff can access them in case of a disaster. The procedures should be clear,concise, and updated regularly to reflect the current situation and requirements. Having theprocedures available at both locations also helps to avoid confusion and delays in therecovery process.References = CISM Review Manual, 16th Edition eBook1, Chapter 9: Business Continuityand Disaster Recovery, Section: Disaster Recovery Planning, Subsection: DisasterRecovery Plan Development, Page 373.
Question # 6
Which of the following should have the MOST influence on an organization's response to a ew industry regulation?
A. The organization's control objectives B. The organization's risk management framework C. The organization's risk appetite D. The organization's risk control baselines
Answer: C Explanation:The most influential factor on an organization’s response to a new industry regulation is theorganization’s risk appetite. This is because the risk appetite defines the level of risk thatthe organization is willing to accept in pursuit of its objectives, and it guides the decisionmakingprocess for managing risks. The risk appetite also determines the extent to whichthe organization needs to comply with the new regulation, and the resources and actionsrequired to achieve compliance. The risk appetite should be aligned with the organization’sstrategy, culture, and values, and it should be communicated and monitored throughout the organization.
Question # 7
Which of the following roles is MOST appropriate to determine access rights for specificusers of an application?
A. Data owner B. Data custodian C. System administrator D. Senior management
Answer: A Explanation: The data owner is the most appropriate role to determine access rights forspecific users of an application because they have legal rights and complete control overdata elements4. They are also responsible for approving data glossaries and definitions,ensuring the accuracy of information, and supervising operations related to data quality5. The data custodian is responsible for the safe custody, transport, and storage of the dataand implementation of business rules, but not for determining access rights4. The systemadministrator is responsible for managing the security and storage infrastructure of datasets according to the organization’s data governance policies, but not for determiningaccess rights5. Senior management is responsible for setting the strategic direction andpriorities for data governance, but not for determining access rights5. References: 5https://www.cpomagazine.com/cyber-security/data-owners-vs-data-stewards-vs-datacustodians-the-3-types-of-data-masters-and-why-you-should-employ-them/ 4https://cloudgal42.com/data-privacy-difference-between-data-owner-controller-and-datacustodian-processor/
Question # 8
The effectiveness of an incident response team will be GREATEST when:
A. the incident response team meets on a regular basis to review log files. B. the incident response team members are trained security personnel. C. the incident response process is updated based on lessons learned. D. incidents are identified using a security information and event monitoring {SIEM) system.
Answer: C
Question # 9
Which of the following metrics provides the BEST evidence of alignment of information security governance with corporate governance?
A. Average return on investment (ROI) associated with security initiatives B. Average number of security incidents across business units C. Mean time to resolution (MTTR) for enterprise-wide security incidents D. Number of vulnerabilities identified for high-risk information assets
Answer: A Explanation: Average return on investment (ROI) associated with security initiatives is thebest metric to provide evidence of alignment of information security governance withcorporate governance because it demonstrates the value and benefits of securityinvestments to the organization’s strategic goals and objectives. Average number ofsecurity incidents across business units is not a good metric because it does not measurethe effectiveness or efficiency of security initiatives or their alignment with corporategovernance. Mean time to resolution (MTTR) for enterprise-wide security incidents is not agood metric because it does not measure the impact or outcome of security initiatives ortheir alignment with corporate governance. Number of vulnerabilities identified for high-riskinformation assets is not a good metric because it does not measure the performance orimprovement of security initiatives or their alignment with corporate governance.References: https://www.isaca.org/resources/isaca-journal/issues/2015/volume-6/measuring-the-value-of-information-security-investmentshttps://www.isaca.org/resources/isaca-journal/issues/2015/volume-1/how-to-measure-theeffectiveness-of-information-security-governance
Question # 10
A business impact analysis (BIA) should be periodically executed PRIMARILY to:
A. validate vulnerabilities on environmental changes. B. analyze the importance of assets. C. check compliance with regulations. D. verify the effectiveness of controls.
To ensure that a new application complies with information security policy, the BESTapproach is to:
A. review the security of the application before implementation. B. integrate functionality the development stage. C. perform a vulnerability analysis. D. periodically audit the security of the application.
Answer: C Explanation: Performing a vulnerability analysis is the best option to ensure that a newapplication complies with information security policy because it helps to identify andevaluate any security flaws or weaknesses in the application that may expose it to potentialthreats or attacks, and provide recommendations or solutions to mitigate them. Reviewingthe security of the application before implementation is not a good option because it maynot detect or prevent all security issues that may arise after implementation or deployment.Integrating security functionality at the development stage is not a good option because itmay not account for all security requirements or challenges of the application or itsenvironment. Periodically auditing the security of the application is not a good optionbecause it may not address any security issues that may occur between audits or afterdeployment. References: https://www.isaca.org/resources/isaca- journal/issues/2017/volume-2/secure-software-development-lifecyclehttps://www.isaca.org/resources/isaca-journal/issues/2016/volume-4/integrating-assurancefunctions
Question # 12
Which of the following BEST enables the capability of an organization to sustain thedelivery of products and services within acceptable time frames and at predefined capacityduring a disruption?
A. Service level agreement (SLA) B. Business continuity plan (BCP) C. Disaster recovery plan (DRP) D. Business impact analysis (BIA)
Answer: B Explanation: The best option to enable the capability of an organization to sustain the delivery ofproducts and services within acceptable time frames and at predefined capacity during adisruption is B. Business continuity plan (BCP). This is because a BCP is a documentedcollection of procedures and information that guides the organization to prepare for,respond to, and recover from a disruption, such as a natural disaster, a cyberattack, or apandemic. A BCP aims to ensure the continuity of the critical business functions andprocesses that support the delivery of products and services to the customers andstakeholders. A BCP also defines the roles, responsibilities, resources, and actionsrequired to maintain the operational resilience of the organization in the face of adisruption.References = CISM Review Manual 15th Edition, Chapter 4, Section 4.2.3, page 2141;CISM Review Questions, Answers & Explanations Manual 9th Edition, Question 6, page 3
Question # 13
An organization's information security team presented the risk register at a recentinformation security steering committee meeting. Which of the following should be of MOSTconcern to the committee?
A. No owners were identified for some risks. B. Business applications had the highest number of risks. C. Risk mitigation action plans had no timelines. D. Risk mitigation action plan milestones were delayed.
Answer: A Explanation: The most concerning issue for the information security steering committeeshould be that no owners were identified for some risks in the risk register. This means thatthere is no clear accountability and responsibility for managing and mitigating those risks,and that the risks may not be properly addressed or monitored. The risk owners are thepersons who have the authority and ability to implement the risk treatment options and toaccept the residual risk. The risk owners should be identified and assigned for each risk inthe risk register, and they should report the status and progress of the risk managementactivities to the information security steering committee.References = CISM Review Manual, 16th Edition eBook1, Chapter 2: Information RiskManagement, Section: Risk Management, Subsection: Risk Register, Page 104.
Question # 14
An organization is leveraging tablets to replace desktop computers shared by shift-basedstaff These tablets contain critical business data and are inherently at increased risk of theftWhich of the following will BEST help to mitigate this risk''
A. Deploy mobile device management (MDM) B. Implement remote wipe capability. C. Create an acceptable use policy. D. Conduct a mobile device risk assessment
Answer: D Explanation: A key risk indicator (KRI) is a metric that provides an early warning ofpotential exposure to a risk. A KRI should be relevant, measurable, timely, and actionable.The most important factor in an organization’s selection of a KRI is the criticality ofinformation, which means that the KRI should reflect the value and sensitivity of theinformation assets that are exposed to the risk. For example, a KRI for data breach riskcould be the number of unauthorized access attempts to a database that containsconfidential customer data. The criticality of information helps to prioritize the risks andfocus on the most significant ones. References: https://www.isaca.org/credentialing/cismhttps://www.wiley.com/enus/CISM+Certified+Information+Security+Manager+Study+Guide-p-9781119801948
Question # 15
Which of the following should be the FIRST step in developing an information security strategy?
A. Perform a gap analysis based on the current state B. Create a roadmap to identify security baselines and controls. C. Identify key stakeholders to champion information security. D. Determine acceptable levels of information security risk.
Answer: A Explanation: The FIRST step in developing an information security strategy is to performa gap analysis based on the current state of the organization’s information security posture.A gap analysis is a systematic process of comparing the current state with the desired stateand identifying the gaps or deficiencies that need to be addressed. A gap analysis helps to establish a baseline for the information security strategy, as well as to prioritize the actionsand resources needed to achieve the strategic objectives. A gap analysis also helps toalign the information security strategy with the organizational goals and strategies, as wellas to ensure compliance with relevant standards and regulations. References = CISMReview Manual, 16th Edition, page 331; CISM Review Questions, Answers & ExplanationsManual, 10th Edition, page 162first step in developing an information security strategy is to conduct a risk-aware andcomprehensive inventory of your company’s context, including all digital assets,employees, and vendors. Then you need to know about the threat environment and whichtypes of attacks are a threat to your company1. This is similar to performing a gap analysisbased on the current state3.
Question # 16
Which of the following is the PRIMARY purpose of a business impact analysis (BIA)?
A. To define security roles and responsibilities B. To determine return on investment (ROI) C. To establish incident severity levels D. To determine the criticality of information assets
Answer: D Explanation:A business impact analysis (BIA) is a process that identifies and evaluates the potentialeffects of disruptions to critical business operations as a result of a disaster, accident oremergency. The primary purpose of a BIA is to determine the criticality of informationassets and the impact of their unavailability on the organization’s mission, objectives andreputation. (From CISM Review Manual 15th Edition)References: CISM Review Manual 15th Edition, page 178, section 4.3.2.1.
Question # 17
Which of the following is the BEST way to reduce the risk of security incidents from targeted email attacks?
A. Implement a data loss prevention (DLP) system B. Disable all incoming cloud mail services C. Conduct awareness training across the organization D. Require acknowledgment of the acceptable use policy
Answer: C Explanation:Conducting awareness training across the organization is the best way to reduce the risk ofsecurity incidents from targeted email attacks because it helps to educate and empowerthe employees to recognize and avoid falling for such attacks. Targeted email attacks, suchas phishing, spear phishing, or business email compromise, rely on social engineeringtechniques to deceive and manipulate the recipients into clicking on malicious links,opening malicious attachments, or disclosing sensitive information. Awareness training canhelp to raise the level of security culture and behavior among the employees, as well as toprovide them with practical tips and best practices to protect themselves and theorganization from targeted email attacks. Therefore, conducting awareness training acrossthe organization is the correct answer.References:https://almanac.upenn.edu/articles/one-step-ahead-dont-get-caught-by-targetedemail-attackshttps://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/business/security-101/what-is-businessemail-compromise-bechttps://www.csoonline.com/article/3334617/what-is-spear-phishing-examples-
Question # 18
Which of the following is MOST appropriate to communicate to senior management regarding information risk?
A. Defined risk appetite B. Emerging security technologies C. Vulnerability scanning progress D. Risk profile changes
Answer: D Explanation:The most appropriate information to communicate to senior management regardinginformation risk is the risk profile changes, which reflect the current level and nature of the risks that the organization faces. The risk profile changes can help senior management tounderstand the impact of the risks on the business objectives, the effectiveness of the riskmanagement strategy, and the need for any adjustments or improvements. The risk profilechanges can also help senior management to prioritize the allocation of resources and tomake informed decisions.References = CISM Review Manual, 16th Edition eBook1, Chapter 2: Information RiskManagement, Section: Risk Communication, Subsection: Risk Reporting, Page 97.
Question # 19
Which of the following provides the MOST useful information for identifying security controlgaps on an application server?
A. Risk assessments B. Threat models C. Penetration testing D. Internal audit reports
Answer: C Explanation: Penetration testing is the most useful method for identifying security controlgaps on an application server because it simulates real-world attacks and exploits thevulnerabilities and weaknesses of the application server. Penetration testing can reveal theactual impact and risk of the security control gaps, and provide recommendations forremediation and improvement.References: The CISM Review Manual 2023 defines penetration testing as “a method ofevaluating the security of an information system or network by simulating an attack from amalicious source” and states that “penetration testing can help identify security control gapsand provide evidence of the potential impact and risk of the gaps” (p. 185). The CISMReview Questions, Answers & Explanations Manual 2023 also provides the followingrationale for this answer: “Penetration testing is the correct answer because it is the mostuseful method for identifying security control gaps on an application server, as it simulatesreal-world attacks and exploits the vulnerabilities and weaknesses of the application server,and provides recommendations for remediation and improvement” (p. 95). Additionally, theweb search result 4 states that “penetration testing is a valuable tool for discoveringsecurity gaps in your application server and network infrastructure” and that “penetrationtesting can help you assess the effectiveness and efficiency of your security controls, andidentify the areas that need improvement or enhancement” (p. 1).
Question # 20
Following a breach where the risk has been isolated and forensic processes have beenperformed, which of the following should be done NEXT?
A. Place the web server in quarantine. B. Rebuild the server from the last verified backup. C. Shut down the server in an organized manner. D. Rebuild the server with relevant patches from the original media.
Answer: B Explanation:= After a breach where the risk has been isolated and forensic processes have beenperformed, the next step should be to rebuild the server from the last verified backup. Thiswill ensure that the server is restored to a known and secure state, and that any maliciouscode or data that may have been injected or compromised by the attacker is removed.Rebuilding the server from the original media may not be sufficient, as it may not includethe latest patches or configurations that were applied before the breach. Placing the webserver in quarantine or shutting it down may not be feasible or desirable, as it may disruptthe business operations or services that depend on the server. Rebuilding the server fromthe last verified backup is the best option to resume normal operations while maintainingsecurity. References =CISM Review Manual 15th Edition, page 118: “Recovery is the process of restoring normaloperations after an incident. Recovery activities may include rebuilding systems, restoringdata, applying patches, changing passwords, and testing functionality.”Data Breach Experts Share The Most Important Next Step You Should Take After A DataBreach in 2014 & 2015, snippet: “Restore from backup. If you have a backup of yoursystem from before the breach, wipe your system clean and restore from backup. This willensure that any backdoors or malware installed by the hackers are removed.”
